“定向秋山得嘉句”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

更新时间: 2024年

《次韵孔常父送张天觉河东提刑》苏轼 翻译、赏析和诗意

《次韵孔常父送张天觉河东提刑》是苏轼的一首诗词。以下是诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

中文译文：
送你应该穿上鹔鹴皮袍，借助千钟酒洗去离愁。脱下官帽，风流的余长史，（你喜欢草书而不擅长，所以以此为戏。）家世本是留侯的传人。（张纲，是子房的第七世孙，来自武阳的犍为人。他的坟墓现在在彭山，你难道不是他的后人吗？）子河的骏马正在争先出走，（麟府的马，从子河汊流出。）昭义的疲惫士兵也少有休息。（唐朝称呼昭义的步兵，可能是指泽潞弓箭手。）定向秋山中找到了美丽的诗句，所以经过故关，黄叶满路行驶。

诗意和赏析：
这首诗词是苏轼写给孔常父送别张天觉的作品。诗中通过描述送别场景和一些典故，表达了对张天觉的祝福和对他未来前程的期许。

首先，诗词以送别的场景开篇。苏轼提到送别者应该穿上鹔鹴皮袍，这是一种昂贵的贵族装束，象征着高贵和尊崇。他借喻千钟酒来洗去离愁，寓意送别时的忧愁和不舍。这里展现了诗人对张天觉的关怀和祝福，希望他能够在离别后不再忧愁。

接着，苏轼通过一些典故和隐喻来表达对张天觉的赞扬和期望。他说张天觉不擅长书法，喜欢草书，这里以此为戏，可能是指他对张天觉的一种揶揄和戏谑。然后，苏轼提到张天觉的家世本是留侯的传人，暗示他有着优秀的家世和背景。这里提到的张纲是张天觉的祖先，苏轼质疑张天觉是否真的能够继承留侯的衣钵，意味着对张天觉的期望和挑战。

最后两句诗中，苏轼通过描绘子河的骏马竞相出走和昭义疲惫士兵少有休息的情景，暗示张天觉即将面对的挑战和压力。然而，苏轼提到张天觉在秋山中找到了美丽的诗句，通过"故关"，黄叶满路行驶，这里可能指的是张天觉能够在困境中找到机会和灵感，能够应对并克服困难。

整首诗词表达了苏轼对张天觉的祝福和对他未来前程的期望。通过对送别场景和一些隐喻的描绘，诗人展现了对张天觉的关怀和鼓励，同时也透露了对他的期待《次韵孔常父送张天觉河东提刑》 is a poem written by Su Shi during the Song dynasty. Below is the Chinese translation, poetic meaning, and analysis of the poem:

Translation:
I send you off, dressed in a luxurious egret-feather robe,
Relieve your parting sorrow with a thousand cups of wine.
Remove your official hat, the elegant Chief Clerk remains,
(You are fond of grass script calligraphy but lack expertise, thus I jest.)
Your family lineage lies with the Marquis of Liuyang.
(Zhang Gang, the great-great-grandson of Zifang, comes from Wuyang. His tomb is now in Pengshan. Are you not his descendant?)

Horses from the Zi River compete to emerge swiftly,
(Lin Mansion's horses, from the Zi River estuary.)
The weary soldiers of Zhaoyi have little respite.
(During the Tang dynasty, Zhaoyi was known for its infantry, perhaps referring to the archers of Zelu.)
In the autumn mountains, you find excellent verses,
Thus, through the ancient pass, golden leaves fill your journey.

Poetic Meaning and Analysis:
This poem, "In Reply to Kong Changfu's Farewell to Zhang Tianjue, Judge of Hedong," was written by Su Shi to bid farewell to Zhang Tianjue. The poem expresses the poet's blessings and expectations for Zhang's future while depicting the farewell scene and incorporating various allusions.

The poem begins with the farewell scene. Su Shi mentions that the one bidding farewell should be dressed in a luxurious egret-feather robe, symbolizing nobility and honor. He metaphorically suggests washing away the sorrow of parting with a thousand cups of wine, expressing his concern and good wishes for Zhang Tianjue to alleviate his sadness.

Next, Su Shi employs allusions and metaphors to praise and expect great things from Zhang Tianjue. He remarks that Zhang Tianjue is not skilled in calligraphy but has a fondness for grass script. This playful remark may indicate a teasing tone towards Zhang Tianjue. Su Shi then mentions Zhang Tianjue's ancestral heritage as a descendant of the Marquis of Liuyang, implying his distinguished family background. The mentioned Zhang Gang is Zhang Tianjue's ancestor, and Su Shi questions whether Zhang Tianjue can truly inherit the legacy of the Marquis, suggesting both expectations and challenges.

In the last two lines of the poem, Su Shi portrays horses from the Zi River rushing out in competition and the weary soldiers of Zhaoyi having little respite. These scenes symbolize the challenges and pressures Zhang Tianjue is about to face. However, Su Shi mentions that Zhang Tianjue finds excellent verses in the autumn mountains and travels through the ancient pass with golden leaves filling his journey. This could imply that Zhang Tianjue can find inspiration and opportunities amidst adversity and overcome difficulties.

The entire poem expresses Su Shi's blessings and expectations for Zhang Tianjue's future. Through depictions of the farewell scene and various metaphors, the poet demonstrates his care and encouragement for Zhang Tianjue while revealing his hopes and aspirations.

《次韵孔常父送张天觉河东提刑》苏轼 拼音读音参考

cì yùn kǒng cháng fù sòng zhāng tiān jué hé dōng tí xíng
次韵孔常父送张天觉河东提刑

sòng jūn yìng diǎn sù shuāng qiú, píng zhàng qiān zhōng xǐ bié chóu.
送君应典鹔鹴裘，凭仗千钟洗别愁。
tuō mào fēng liú yú zhǎng shǐ, jūn xǐ cǎo shū ér bù gōng, gù yǐ cǐ wéi xì.
脱帽风流余长史，（君喜草书而不工，故以此为戏。
mái lún jiā shì běn liú hóu.
）埋轮家世本留侯。
zhāng gāng, zǐ fáng qī shì sūn yě, qián wéi wǔ yáng rén.
（张纲，子房七世孙也，犍为武阳人。
mù zài jīn péng shān, jūn qǐ qí hòu yé? zi hé jùn mǎ fāng zhēng chū, lín fǔ mǎ, chū zi hé chà.
墓在今彭山，君岂其后耶？）子河骏马方争出，（麟府马，出子河汊。
zhāo yì pí bīng yì shǎo xiū.
）昭义疲兵亦少休。
táng chēng zhāo yì bù bīng, gài zé lù gōng jiàn shǒu.
（唐称昭义步兵，盖泽潞弓箭手。
dìng xiàng qiū shān dé jiā jù, gù guān huáng yè mǎn xíng zhōu.
）定向秋山得嘉句，故关黄叶满行辀。

“定向秋山得嘉句”平仄韵脚

拼音：dìng xiàng qiū shān dé jiā jù

平仄：仄仄平平平平仄

韵脚：(仄韵) 去声七遇  

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