《下水船》黄庭坚 翻译、赏析和诗意
《下水船》是宋代黄庭坚所作的一首诗词。以下是对该诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：
中文译文：
总领神仙侣。
齐到青云岐路。
丹禁风微，
咫尺谛闻天语。
尽荣遇。
看即如龙变化，
一掷灵梭风雨。
真游处。
上苑寻春去。
芳草芊芊迎步。
几曲笙歌，
樱桃艳里欢聚。
瑶觞举。
回祝尧龄万万，
端的君恩难负。
诗意：
《下水船》描绘了一个神仙们乘船下凡的场景。他们纷纷到达青云岐路，来到人间。在微风中，他们可以近距离听到天人的言语。他们受到了无限的荣耀。他们变幻如龙，一掷灵梭带来风雨。他们真实地游历在人间，前往上苑寻找春天。鲜花盈步，笙歌不绝，樱桃红艳处人们欢聚。他们举起美酒，为尧龄的寿诞祝福，表达对天子恩典的无法回报之情。
赏析：
《下水船》以神仙下凡的场景为主题，描绘了神仙们在人间的欢乐和祝福。诗中使用了丰富的意象和修辞手法，展示了作者对神仙们的崇敬和对天子的感激之情。
诗中的“总领神仙侣”一句，表达了神仙们齐聚一堂的盛况。他们来到人间的“青云岐路”，象征着他们超越尘世的高尚地位。
“丹禁风微，咫尺谛闻天语”描绘了神仙们在微风中近距离听到天人之语的情景，表现了他们与凡间的联系。
“看即如龙变化，一掷灵梭风雨”运用了龙的形象，形容神仙们变幻莫测的能力和他们带来的风雨。这些意象丰富、生动，给人以奇幻的感觉。
“真游处，上苑寻春去”描绘了神仙们在人间游历并寻找春天的场景。芳草迎步，笙歌不绝，樱桃红艳，展示了神仙们所见的美好景象和人间的欢乐。
最后一句“回祝尧龄万万，端的君恩难负”表达了对天子的祝福和感激之情，体现了作者对君恩不敢忘怀的心境。
整首诗词通过描绘神仙们下凡的场景，以及他们在人间的欢乐和祝福，展示了作者对神仙和天子的崇敬，表达了对尊贵和恩典的感激之情。同时，通过运用丰富的意象和修辞手法，使诗词充满了奇幻和生动的色彩，给人以美好的想象《下水船》 is a poem written by Huang Tingjian during the Song Dynasty. Here is a translation, followed by an analysis of its meaning and appreciation:
Translation:
Guiding the companions of immortals,
Together we arrive at the path to the azure clouds.
The crimson prohibition breeze gently blows,
Within a hair's breadth, we hear the language of heaven.
All glory is encountered.
Beholding their transformations like dragons,
They cast their ethereal shuttles amidst wind and rain.
In true delight,
We seek spring in the imperial garden.
Fragrant grasses welcome our steps,
A few melodies of flutes and songs,
Amongst cherry blossoms, we gather in joy.
The jade cups are raised.
Returning to wish eternal youth to Emperor Yao,
Truly, your grace is difficult to repay.
Meaning:
"下水船" depicts the scene of immortals descending to earth on a boat. They gather together at the path to the azure clouds, venturing into the mortal realm. In the gentle breeze, they can hear the language of heaven from a close distance. They are met with boundless honor. Transforming like dragons, they cast their ethereal shuttles, bringing forth wind and rain. They truly travel and explore the mortal realm, seeking spring in the imperial garden. With fragrant grasses accompanying their steps and the melodies of flutes and songs, they gather in joy amidst the vibrant cherry blossoms. They raise jade cups to toast and wish eternal youth to Emperor Yao, expressing their gratitude for the emperor's grace, which is difficult to repay.
Appreciation:
"下水船" portrays the theme of immortals descending to the mortal realm, depicting the joy and blessings they bring. The poem employs rich imagery and rhetorical devices to showcase the author's reverence for the immortals and his gratitude towards the emperor.
The line "Guiding the companions of immortals" conveys the grandeur of immortals gathering together. Their arrival at the "path to the azure clouds" represents their elevated status beyond the mortal world.
The phrase "The crimson prohibition breeze gently blows, within a hair's breadth, we hear the language of heaven" describes the scene where the immortals, in a gentle breeze, can hear the language of heavenly beings from a close distance. It portrays their connection to the mortal realm.
"Beholding their transformations like dragons, they cast their ethereal shuttles amidst wind and rain" uses the imagery of dragons to depict the immortals' elusive abilities and the wind and rain they bring forth. These vivid and fantastical images evoke a sense of wonder.
"We seek spring in the imperial garden, in true delight" portrays the immortals traversing the mortal realm and seeking the arrival of spring. The fragrant grasses, melodies of flutes and songs, and the joyful gathering amidst cherry blossoms depict the beautiful scenes and blissful moments witnessed by the immortals in the mortal realm.
The final line "Returning to wish eternal youth to Emperor Yao, truly, your grace is difficult to repay" expresses blessings and gratitude towards the emperor, reflecting the author's enduring appreciation for the emperor's benevolence.
The poem as a whole depicts the scene of immortals descending to the mortal realm, their joy, and blessings, while showcasing the author's reverence for the immortals and his expression of gratitude towards the emperor. Through the use of rich imagery and rhetorical devices, the poem creates a vivid and enchanting atmosphere, inspiring the reader's imagination.
《下水船》黄庭坚 拼音读音参考
xià shuǐ chuán
下水船
zǒng lǐng shén xiān lǚ.
总领神仙侣。
qí dào qīng yún qí lù.
齐到青云岐路。
dān jìn fēng wēi, zhǐ chǐ dì wén tiān yǔ.
丹禁风微，咫尺谛闻天语。
jǐn róng yù.
尽荣遇。
kàn jí rú lóng biàn huà, yī zhì líng suō fēng yǔ.
看即如龙变化，一掷灵梭风雨。
zhēn yóu chù.
真游处。
shàng yuàn xún chūn qù.
上苑寻春去。
fāng cǎo qiān qiān yíng bù.
芳草芊芊迎步。
jǐ qū shēng gē, yīng táo yàn lǐ huān jù.
几曲笙歌，樱桃艳里欢聚。
yáo shāng jǔ.
瑶觞举。
huí zhù yáo líng wàn wàn, duān dì jūn ēn nán fù.
回祝尧龄万万，端的君恩难负。
“端的君恩难负”平仄韵脚
拼音：duān dì jūn ēn nán fù
平仄：平仄平平平仄
韵脚：(仄韵) 上声二十五有 (仄韵) 去声七遇
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黄庭坚
黄庭坚 （1045－1105），字鲁直，自号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，又称豫章黄先生，汉族，洪州分宁（今江西修水）人。北宋诗人、词人、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，而且，他跟杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄为其中一宗）之称。英宗治平四年(1067)进士。历官叶县尉、北京国子监教授、校书郎、著作佐郎、秘书丞、涪州别驾、黔州安置等。诗歌方面，他与苏轼并称为“苏黄”；书法方面，他则与苏轼、米芾、蔡襄并称为“宋代四大家”；词作方面，虽曾与秦观并称“秦黄”，但黄氏的词作成就却远逊于秦氏。